.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: CDDL-1.0
.\"
.\" This file is part of the ZFS Event Daemon (ZED).
.\" Developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL-CODE-403049).
.\" Copyright (C) 2013-2014 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
.\" Refer to the OpenZFS git commit log for authoritative copyright attribution.
.\"
.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
.\" Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0 (CDDL-1.0).
.\" You can obtain a copy of the license from the top-level file
.\" "OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE" or at <http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0>.
.\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the license.
.\"
.\" Developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL-CODE-403049)
.\"
.Dd August 22, 2022
.Dt ZED 8
.Os
.
.Sh NAME
.Nm ZED
.Nd ZFS Event Daemon
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl fFhILMvVZ
.Op Fl d Ar zedletdir
.Op Fl p Ar pidfile
.Op Fl P Ar path
.Op Fl s Ar statefile
.Op Fl j Ar jobs
.Op Fl b Ar buflen
.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
(ZFS Event Daemon) monitors events generated by the ZFS kernel
module.
When a zevent (ZFS Event) is posted, the
.Nm
will run any ZEDLETs (ZFS Event Daemon Linkage for Executable Tasks)
that have been enabled for the corresponding zevent class.
.
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width "-h"
.It Fl h
Display a summary of the command-line options.
.It Fl L
Display license information.
.It Fl V
Display version information.
.It Fl v
Be verbose.
.It Fl f
Force the daemon to run if at all possible, disabling security checks and
throwing caution to the wind.
Not recommended for use in production.
.It Fl F
Don't daemonize: remain attached to the controlling terminal,
log to the standard I/O streams.
.It Fl M
Lock all current and future pages in the virtual memory address space.
This may help the daemon remain responsive when the system is under heavy
memory pressure.
.It Fl I
Request that the daemon idle rather than exit when the kernel modules are not
loaded.
Processing of events will start, or resume, when the kernel modules are
(re)loaded.
Under Linux the kernel modules cannot be unloaded while the daemon is running.
.It Fl Z
Zero the daemon's state, thereby allowing zevents still within the kernel
to be reprocessed.
.It Fl d Ar zedletdir
Read the enabled ZEDLETs from the specified directory.
.It Fl p Ar pidfile
Write the daemon's process ID to the specified file.
.It Fl P Ar path
Custom
.Ev $PATH
for zedlets to use.
Normally zedlets run in a locked-down environment, with hardcoded paths to the
ZFS commands
.Pq Ev $ZFS , $ZPOOL , $ZED , … ,
and a hard-coded
.Ev $PATH .
This is done for security reasons.
However, the ZFS test suite uses a custom PATH for its ZFS commands, and passes
it to
.Nm
with
.Fl P .
In short,
.Fl P
is only to be used by the ZFS test suite; never use
it in production!
.It Fl s Ar statefile
Write the daemon's state to the specified file.
.It Fl j Ar jobs
Allow at most
.Ar jobs
ZEDLETs to run concurrently,
delaying execution of new ones until they finish.
Defaults to
.Sy 16 .
.It Fl b Ar buflen
Cap kernel event buffer growth to
.Ar buflen
entries.
This buffer is grown when the daemon misses an event, but results in
unreclaimable memory use in the kernel.
A value of
.Sy 0
removes the cap.
Defaults to
.Sy 1048576 .
.El
.Sh ZEVENTS
A zevent is comprised of a list of nvpairs (name/value pairs).
Each zevent contains an EID (Event IDentifier) that uniquely identifies it
throughout
the lifetime of the loaded ZFS kernel module; this EID is a monotonically
increasing integer that resets to 1 each time the kernel module is loaded.
Each zevent also contains a class string that identifies the type of event.
For brevity, a subclass string is defined that omits the leading components
of the class string.
Additional nvpairs exist to provide event details.
.Pp
The kernel maintains a list of recent zevents that can be viewed (along with
their associated lists of nvpairs) using the
.Nm zpool Cm events Fl v
command.
.
.Sh CONFIGURATION
ZEDLETs to be invoked in response to zevents are located in the
.Em enabled-zedlets
directory
.Pq Ar zedletdir .
These can be symlinked or copied from the
.Em installed-zedlets
directory; symlinks allow for automatic updates
from the installed ZEDLETs, whereas copies preserve local modifications.
As a security measure, since ownership change is a privileged operation,
ZEDLETs must be owned by root.
They must have execute permissions for the user,
but they must not have write permissions for group or other.
Dotfiles are ignored.
.Pp
ZEDLETs are named after the zevent class for which they should be invoked.
In particular, a ZEDLET will be invoked for a given zevent if either its
class or subclass string is a prefix of its filename (and is followed by
a non-alphabetic character).
As a special case, the prefix
.Sy all
matches all zevents.
Multiple ZEDLETs may be invoked for a given zevent.
.
.Sh ZEDLETS
ZEDLETs are executables invoked by the ZED in response to a given zevent.
They should be written under the presumption they can be invoked concurrently,
and they should use appropriate locking to access any shared resources.
The one exception to this are "synchronous zedlets", which are described later
in this page.
Common variables used by ZEDLETs can be stored in the default rc file which
is sourced by scripts; these variables should be prefixed with
.Sy ZED_ .
.Pp
The zevent nvpairs are passed to ZEDLETs as environment variables.
Each nvpair name is converted to an environment variable in the following
manner:
.Bl -enum -compact
.It
it is prefixed with
.Sy ZEVENT_ ,
.It
it is converted to uppercase, and
.It
each non-alphanumeric character is converted to an underscore.
.El
.Pp
Some additional environment variables have been defined to present certain
nvpair values in a more convenient form.
An incomplete list of zevent environment variables is as follows:
.Bl -tag -compact -width "ZEVENT_TIME_STRING"
.It Sy ZEVENT_EID
The Event IDentifier.
.It Sy ZEVENT_CLASS
The zevent class string.
.It Sy ZEVENT_SUBCLASS
The zevent subclass string.
.It Sy ZEVENT_TIME
The time at which the zevent was posted as
.Dq Em seconds nanoseconds
since the Epoch.
.It Sy ZEVENT_TIME_SECS
The
.Em seconds
component of
.Sy ZEVENT_TIME .
.It Sy ZEVENT_TIME_NSECS
The
.Em nanoseconds
component of
.Sy ZEVENT_TIME .
.It Sy ZEVENT_TIME_STRING
An almost-RFC3339-compliant string for
.Sy ZEVENT_TIME .
.El
.Pp
Additionally, the following ZED & ZFS variables are defined:
.Bl -tag -compact -width "ZEVENT_TIME_STRING"
.It Sy ZED_PID
The daemon's process ID.
.It Sy ZED_ZEDLET_DIR
The daemon's current
.Em enabled-zedlets
directory.
.It Sy ZFS_ALIAS
The alias
.Pq Dq Em name Ns - Ns Em version Ns - Ns Em release
string of the ZFS distribution the daemon is part of.
.It Sy ZFS_VERSION
The ZFS version the daemon is part of.
.It Sy ZFS_RELEASE
The ZFS release the daemon is part of.
.El
.Pp
ZEDLETs may need to call other ZFS commands.
The installation paths of the following executables are defined as environment
variables:
.Sy ZDB ,
.Sy ZED ,
.Sy ZFS ,
.Sy ZINJECT ,
and
.Sy ZPOOL .
These variables may be overridden in the rc file.
.
.Sh Synchronous ZEDLETS
ZED's normal behavior is to spawn off zedlets in parallel and ignore their
completion order.
This means that ZED can potentially
have zedlets for event ID number 2 starting before zedlets for event ID number
1 have finished.
Most of the time this is fine, and it actually helps when the system is getting
hammered with hundreds of events.
.Pp
However, there are times when you want your zedlets to be executed in sequence
with the event ID.
That is where synchronous zedlets come in.
.Pp
ZED will wait for all previously spawned zedlets to finish before running
a synchronous zedlet.
Synchronous zedlets are guaranteed to be the only
zedlet running.
No other zedlets may run in parallel with a synchronous zedlet.
Users should be careful to only use synchronous zedlets when needed, since
they decrease parallelism.
.Pp
To make a zedlet synchronous, simply add a "-sync-" immediately following the
event name in the zedlet's file name:
.Pp
.Sy EVENT_NAME-sync-ZEDLETNAME.sh
.Pp
For example, if you wanted a synchronous statechange script:
.Pp
.Sy statechange-sync-myzedlet.sh
.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "-c"
.It Pa @sysconfdir@/zfs/zed.d
The default directory for enabled ZEDLETs.
.It Pa @sysconfdir@/zfs/zed.d/zed.rc
The default rc file for common variables used by ZEDLETs.
.It Pa @zfsexecdir@/zed.d
The default directory for installed ZEDLETs.
.It Pa @runstatedir@/zed.pid
The default file containing the daemon's process ID.
.It Pa @runstatedir@/zed.state
The default file containing the daemon's state.
.El
.
.Sh SIGNALS
.Bl -tag -width "-c"
.It Sy SIGHUP
Reconfigure the daemon and rescan the directory for enabled ZEDLETs.
.It Sy SIGTERM , SIGINT
Terminate the daemon.
.El
.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr zfs 8 ,
.Xr zpool 8 ,
.Xr zpool-events 8
.
.Sh NOTES
The
.Nm
requires root privileges.
.Pp
Do not taunt the
.Nm .
.
.Sh BUGS
ZEDLETs are unable to return state/status information to the kernel.
.Pp
Internationalization support via gettext has not been added.
